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Where in the World Do Leopards Live?

By Panthera

African leopard in landscape
©Sebastian Kennerknecht

Of all the big cats, leopards have the largest range, spanning 62 countries across Africa and Eurasia. But since leopards have been erased from about two-thirds of their historical range, many populations have become isolated. 
 

A map displaying 8 subspecies of leopards and their distribution
This map shows the distribution of the eight leopard subspecies.


Due to their wide range, stealthy nature and ability to survive in many different habitats, it’s challenging to categorize leopards as a single species, according to the IUCN. To help with that, scientists recognize eight subspecies of leopards:

  • African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus). This subspecies is Vulnerable. 
  • Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis). This subspecies is Critically Endangered. 
  • Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr). This subspecies is Critically Endangered. 
  • Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca). This subspecies is Near Threatened. 
  • Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri). This subspecies is Critically Endangered. 
  • Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas). This subspecies is Endangered. 
  • Persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana). This subspecies is Endangered. 
  • Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya). This subspecies is Vulnerable. 

A subspecies is a is taxonomical rank below species. It’s usually used for populations that are isolated or that look different but that can still interbreed.

Learn more about leopards and our work to protect them.